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  3. Spirit
Mission Complete

Spirit

Spirit explored the Columbia Hills region of Mars, discovering evidence of past volcanic activity and water. It became stuck in soft soil in 2009, and NASA lost contact in 2010.

Launch Date

Jun 10, 2003

208 day transit

Landing Date

Jan 4, 2004

8,119 days on Mars

Total Photos

124,550

5 cameras

Max Sol

2,208

Martian days

Status

Complete

Mission ended

Spirit Mission Overview

Spirit, Opportunity's twin rover, landed in Gusev Crater on January 4, 2004 -- three weeks before its sibling. Spirit was tasked with studying rocks and soils for evidence of past water activity. Over six years of exploration, Spirit traversed the Columbia Hills and discovered silica-rich deposits near Home Plate, strong evidence for past hydrothermal activity or hot-spring environments. Spirit survived harsh Martian winters, dust storms, and a broken front wheel that ironically led to one of its greatest discoveries -- as the stuck wheel scraped the surface, it exposed silica-rich soil beneath. In May 2009, Spirit became embedded in soft soil at a location called Troy, and NASA lost contact on March 22, 2010. The mission was officially ended on May 25, 2011.

Mission Timeline

Launch

June 10, 2003

Launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida

Mars Landing

January 4, 2004

After 208 days in transit

Mission End

Sol 2,208

Operated for 2,208 Martian days

Cameras (5)

FHAZ

Front Hazard Avoidance Camera

RHAZ

Rear Hazard Avoidance Camera

NAVCAM

Navigation Camera

PANCAM

Panoramic Camera

MINITES

Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer

Recent Sols

Latest Martian days with available photos.

No recent photos available.

Frequently Asked Questions About Spirit

What happened to the Spirit rover?
Spirit became embedded in soft soil at a location called "Troy" near Home Plate in Gusev Crater in May 2009. Despite months of effort, NASA engineers could not free the stuck rover. With winter approaching and Spirit unable to tilt its solar panels toward the Sun, power levels dropped critically. NASA last communicated with Spirit on March 22, 2010, and after over a year of attempted contact, the mission was officially ended on May 25, 2011. Spirit operated for 2,210 sols -- over 25 times its planned 90-sol mission.
What did Spirit discover on Mars?
Spirit made several important discoveries in Gusev Crater. Its most significant find was silica-rich soil deposits near Home Plate, likely formed by hydrothermal activity (hot springs or steam vents), indicating that water and heat once coexisted in the area -- conditions favorable for life. Spirit also found evidence of past volcanic activity, studied dust devils and weather patterns, and discovered goethite, a mineral that forms only in the presence of water. Ironically, its broken front wheel, which had to be dragged, scraped the surface and exposed some of its best discoveries.
How were Spirit and Opportunity different?
Spirit and Opportunity were identical twin Mars Exploration Rovers built by the same team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Each weighed 185 kilograms and carried the same set of instruments, including panoramic cameras, a rock abrasion tool, microscopic imager, and spectrometers. The key difference was their landing sites: Spirit landed in Gusev Crater (thought to be a former lake), while Opportunity landed at Meridiani Planum (where orbital data suggested hematite deposits). Their different locations led to distinct geological discoveries, though both confirmed evidence of past water on Mars.

Related Pages

Curiosity Rover

Currently active

Perseverance Rover

Currently active

Opportunity Rover

Mission complete

Mars Weather

Temperature, pressure & wind data

Mars Hub

All rovers, photos & mission data

Mars Planet Profile

Physical data, orbit & moons