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  1. Home
  2. Mars
  3. Opportunity
Mission Complete

Opportunity

Originally designed for a 90-day mission, Opportunity operated for nearly 15 years, traveling over 45 km across the Martian surface before a global dust storm ended its mission in 2018.

Launch Date

Jul 7, 2003

202 day transit

Landing Date

Jan 25, 2004

8,098 days on Mars

Total Photos

198,439

5 cameras

Max Sol

5,111

Martian days

Status

Complete

Mission ended

Opportunity Mission Overview

Opportunity was one of NASA's twin Mars Exploration Rovers, landing on Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004. Designed for a 90-day mission, it became one of the longest-running Mars surface operations in history, lasting nearly 15 years. Opportunity traveled over 45.16 kilometers -- a record for any off-Earth wheeled vehicle. Among its most significant discoveries was finding mineral evidence (hematite "blueberries" and sulfate-rich rocks) confirming that liquid water once flowed across the Martian surface. The rover explored multiple craters including Eagle, Endurance, Victoria, and Endeavour. Its mission ended in June 2018 when a planet-encircling dust storm blocked sunlight from its solar panels, and NASA declared the mission complete on February 13, 2019.

Mission Timeline

Launch

July 7, 2003

Launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida

Mars Landing

January 25, 2004

After 202 days in transit

Mission End

Sol 5,111

Operated for 5,111 Martian days

Cameras (5)

FHAZ

Front Hazard Avoidance Camera

RHAZ

Rear Hazard Avoidance Camera

NAVCAM

Navigation Camera

PANCAM

Panoramic Camera

MINITES

Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer

Recent Sols

Latest Martian days with available photos.

No recent photos available.

Frequently Asked Questions About Opportunity

How far did Opportunity travel on Mars?
Opportunity holds the record for the longest distance driven by any off-Earth wheeled vehicle, traveling 45.16 kilometers (28.06 miles) across the Martian surface over nearly 15 years. This marathon-worthy distance was achieved despite the rover being designed for a 90-day mission covering just 600 meters. Opportunity explored multiple craters including Eagle, Endurance, Victoria, and the massive Endeavour Crater, traversing diverse terrain from flat plains to rocky hillsides.
What killed the Opportunity rover?
Opportunity's mission ended due to a planet-encircling dust storm that began in June 2018. The storm was so intense that it blocked nearly all sunlight from reaching the rover's solar panels, causing Opportunity to enter a low-power fault mode and cease communications. NASA attempted to contact the rover for over eight months, sending over 1,000 commands, but Opportunity never responded. The mission was officially declared complete on February 13, 2019, after the rover had operated for 5,352 sols (Martian days) -- over 60 times its planned 90-sol mission duration.
What were Opportunity's biggest discoveries?
Opportunity made several landmark discoveries confirming Mars's watery past. It found hematite "blueberries" (small iron-rich spherules) and sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks at Eagle and Endurance craters, proving that liquid water once saturated the ground. At Endeavour Crater, it discovered clay minerals formed in near-neutral water -- conditions potentially habitable for microbial life. Opportunity also found the first meteorite identified on another planet and observed Martian dust devils and clouds, contributing to our understanding of Mars's atmosphere.

Related Pages

Curiosity Rover

Currently active

Perseverance Rover

Currently active

Spirit Rover

Mission complete

Mars Weather

Temperature, pressure & wind data

Mars Hub

All rovers, photos & mission data

Mars Planet Profile

Physical data, orbit & moons