Earth Observations taken by Expedition 30 crewmember

ISS030-E-030265 (31 Dec. 2011) --- The Payun Matru Volcanic Field in Argentina is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 30 crew member on the International Space Station. The Payun Matru (3,680 meters above sea level) and Payun Liso (3,715 meters above sea level) stratovolcanoes are the highest points of the Payun Matru Volcanic Field located in west-central Argentina, approximately 140 kilometers to the east of the Andes mountain chain. This photograph illustrates some of the striking geological features of the field visible from space. The summit of Payun Matru is dominated by a roughly 15 kilometer-in-diameter caldera (center), formed by an explosive eruption sometime after approximately 168,000 years ago. Several dark lava flows, erupted from smaller vents and fissures, are visible in the northwestern part of the volcanic field. One distinct flow, erupted from Volcan Santa Maria located to the northwest of Payun Matru, is approximately 15 kilometers long. A number of small cinder cones, appearing as brown dots due to the short lens used, are built on older lava flows (grey) to the northeast of Payun Matru. While there is no recorded historical observation of the most recent volcanic activity in the field, oral histories suggest that activity was witnessed by indigenous peoples. Most Andean volcanoes—and earthquakes—follow the trend of the greater Andes chain of mountains, and are aligned roughly N-S above the tectonic boundary between the subducting (descending) Nazca Plate and the overriding South American Plate as is predicted from plate tectonic theory. Other major volcanic centers located some distance away from the major trend typically result from more complex geological processes associated with the subduction zone, and can provide additional insight into the subduction process.